Definition - Neoplasia of cervical cells
Risk Factors - HPV infection
- type and duration
of viral infection
- host conditions that
compromise immunity
- environmental factors such as smoking, oral contraceptive use, or
vitamin deficiencies
- Sex at a young age
- Multiple sexual partners
- Promiscuous male
partners
- History of sexually transmitted diseases
Differential diagnosis Epidemiology Aetiology Clinical features - Abnormal Papanicolaou test result
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, usually postcoital
- Vaginal discomfort
- Malodorous discharge
- Dysuria
Pathophysiology Investigations- Papanicolaou test
- Colposcopy, direct biopsies, and endocervical curettage
- Complete blood cell count and serum
chemistry for renal and hepatic functions
Managementa) conservativeb) medical c) surgicalPrognosis- May extend upward to the endometrial cavity, downward to
the vagina, and laterally to the pelvic wall
- Can invade the bladder
and rectum directly
- Symptoms that can evolve:
- constipation
- hematuria
- fistula
- ureteral obstruction
- with or without
hydroureter or hydronephrosis
- Distant metastases
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