Acute asthma - hOSPITAL:
- Oxygen
- Salbutamol
- Pred / Hydrocortisone
- Ipratropium
- Theophyline
- Anaesthetist
- Life-threatening: Magnesium
Polyarteritis nodosa - Lots of nodules on blood vessels
- Need biopsy and angiogram
- => Accelerated phase hypertension
- Vicious cycle of kidney damage
- Livideo reticularis
- Orchiditis
Respiratory failure - Type 2
- Type 1
- High V/Q
- Low V/Q
- Diffusion abnormality
Aa gradient - Uses IDEALISED alveolar [oxygen]
- Derived value
- Assumes lung units are homogeneous
- Based on how much CO2 the lungs are able to get rid of (i.e. on PaCO2)
- Normally <1.5 kPa
- Causes of raised Aa gradient:
- Diffusion impairment
- Low V/Q
- Shunt
5 Causes of Hypoxaemia (1-3 have an elevated A-a Gradient)- V/Q Mismatch
- PNA, CHF, ARDS, atelectasis, etc.
- Shunt
- PFO, ASD, PE, pulmonary AVMs
- Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Interstitial lung dz, environmental lung dz, PCP PNA
- Hypoventilation
- COPD, CNS d/o, neuromuscular dz, etc
- Low FiO2
Management of pneumothorax
Vasculitides
Notes - Check for muscle weakness as well as ECG changes in hyperkalaemia
- Causes of haemoptysis with renal impairment
- ANCA +ve vasculitis
- Goodpasture's
- Causes of saddle-nose
- Wegener's
- Leprosy
- Syphilis
- Cocaine
- Churg-Strauss causes EOSINOPHILIA
- Often >8
- Causes asthma, rhinitis etc
- PE can eventually lead to a LOW V/Q HYPOXIA
- Cytokine release affects surfactant production / function of nearby alveoli
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