Dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers
- Nifedipine
- More affinity for vascular smooth muscle
- Value in Raynaud's disease
- Rarely precipitates heart failure: negative inotropic effects offset by reduction in afterload
- Nicardipine
- Similarly effective on smooth muscle
- Used for angina prophylaxis and hypertension
- Amlodipine and felodipine
- Do not adversely affect myocardial contractility (with the risk of heart failure)
- Longer duration of action than nifedipine
- Useful in hypertension and angina
- Valuable in angina associated with coronary vasospasm
- Side-effects relate to vasodilatation and may improve after a few days (headache, flushing)
- Isradipine, lacidipine and lercanidipine
- Similar in effect to nifedipine but only indicated for hypertension
- Nimodipine
- Similar to nifedipine but has an enhanced, selective effect on the cerebral arteries
- Useful for cerebral artery spasm and it is used solely for this purpose after subarachnoid haemorrhage (to prevent ischaemic deficit)
Antihypertensives in pre-eclampsia
- Should be started in women with a systolic
blood pressure over 160 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure over 110 mm
Hg
- Labetalol (PO/IV), nifedipine (PO), hydralazine (IV)
- Avoid: Atenolol, ACEi, ARBs, Diuretics
Anterior mediastinal mass
- Thymus
-
Teratoma (germ cell)
-
Thyroid
-
Terrible Lymphoma
Notes- Nicorandil
- Dual action: Nitrate, plus causes K+ efflux => Hyperpolarisation
- Don't use LABAs in children under 5 - Straight to LRA
- Chlamydia treatment is given on the basis of exposure to infection rather than proven infection
- Boerhaave's syndrome = The 10% of oesophageal perforations which occur due to vomiting
- Titubation = Disturbance of body equilibrium in standing or walking, resulting in an uncertain gait and trembling, especially from diseases of the cerebellum
- Quinolones (cipro) => Tendinopathy
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