Causes of sensorineural hearing loss- MS
- Acoustic neuroma
- Ménière's
- Ototoxins
- Streptomycin
- Gentamycin
- Salicylates
- Thalidomide
- Cis-platin
- Vincristine
- Infection
- Meningitis
- Mumps
- Measles
- Flu
- Herpes
- Syphilis
- Metastatic cancer (brain)
- Cochlear vascular disease
- Presbycusis
Ménière's - Triad
- Recurrent vertigo
- Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (Low frequency loss initially, develops to full-range)
- Tinnitus
- Sensation of aural fullness
- Usually unilateral but may extend to both ears in 25-75%
- Genetic component
Weird/wonderful diseases causing hearing loss
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Blue sclera (very thin sclera, can see blood)
- Waardenburg syndrome
- Heterochromia
- Wide-set eyes
- Low hairlines
- Monobrow
- Usher syndrome
- Visual as well as hearing loss (leading cause of deaf-blindness)
- Pendred syndrome
- Alport syndrome
- Type IV collagen deficiency => Poor basement membrane
- Glomerulonephritis
- Endstage kidney disease
- Cogan syndrome
- Recurrent corneal inflammation
- Fever, fatigue, weight loss, dizziness
- Behçet's disease
- Mucous membrane ulceration and ocular problems
Patterns of hearing loss
- Barotrauma => Mid-range
- Presycusis => High-end
- Otosclerosis => Low-end
- Meniere's => Low-end then full-range
- Acoustic neuroma => High-end (these fibres are on the outside of the nerve => hit first)
Auditory brainstem response
- Recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp
- Newborn hearing screening, auditory threshold estimation, intraoperative
monitoring, determining hearing loss type and degree, auditory
nerve and brainstem lesion detection
Otosclerosis- Bilateral
- Progressive
- Low-frequency dip
- Stapidectomy + metal replacement
Blood supply of the ear
Notes- Facial nerve runs through the ear
- Cochlear implant indications
- Children
- Bilateral deafness
- Loss of another sense
- Wax is skin
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