Terminology- Fracture line
- Transverse
- Oblique
- Spiral (often in legs, from rotational force when walking etc)
- Bits
- Comminuted = Smashed up (>2 bits)
- Segmental = >1 fracture line
- Avulsion = Bit ripped off
- Childhood fractures
- Distraction
- Distance between bone ends
- Displacement
- Distance of malalignment (measured in % of bone width or mm)
- Angulation
- Distal relative to proximal fragment
Epiphyseal plate fusion / End of bone growth
Salter-Harris classification
- Type II is the most common
- Type V is the worst and the easiest to miss, but also the rarest
 Two key (common) fractures in kids
- Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (disjointed head)
- Supracondylar humerus fracture (angle of distal humerous goes back instead of forward)
Wrist fractures
- Colles
- Dinner-fork deformity / Posterior displacement
- Conservative management / Splinting
- Smith
- Anterior displacement
- Requires surgery
Ligaments of the ankle
- Talus should have equal space all around it
- If not => Talar shift, from ligament damage (NB this is unstable)

Notes
- The growth plate is the most fragile/vulnerable bit in kids
- Divide the length of bones into thirds when reporting position
- Subluxation is partial dislocation
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