• Fracture line
• Transverse
• Oblique
• Spiral (often in legs, from rotational force when walking etc)
  
• Bits
• Comminuted = Smashed up (>2 bits)
  
• Segmental = >1 fracture line
• Avulsion = Bit ripped off
  
• Childhood fractures
• Torus (bulge)
• Greenstick
• Distraction
• Distance between bone ends
  
• Displacement
• Distance of malalignment (measured in % of bone width or mm)
• Angulation
• Distal relative to proximal fragment

Epiphyseal plate fusion / End of bone growth

Salter-Harris classification

• Type II is the most common
• Type V is the worst and the easiest to miss, but also the rarest
  

Two key (common) fractures in kids

• Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (disjointed head)
  

• Supracondylar humerus fracture (angle of distal humerous goes back instead of forward)
  

Wrist fractures

• Colles
  
• Dinner-fork deformity / Posterior displacement
  
• Conservative management / Splinting
• Smith
  
• Anterior displacement
  
• Requires surgery

Ligaments of the ankle

• Talus should have equal space all around it
• If not => Talar shift, from ligament damage (NB this is unstable)
  

Notes

• The growth plate is the most fragile/vulnerable bit in kids
• Divide the length of bones into thirds when reporting position
  
• Subluxation is partial dislocation