12.10.17 Brain tumours

Classification

• • Gliomas

    • 50.3%

  • Meningiomas

    • 20.9%

  • Pituitary adenomas

    • 15%

  • Nerve sheath tumors

    • 8%

Grading

• • Low-grade

    • WHO grade II

    • Well-differentiated (not anaplastic)

  • High-grade

    • WHO grade III-IV

    • Undifferentiated (anaplastic)

Gliomas

• • Ependymomas

    • Ependyma is the thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord

    • Common location of intracranial ependymoma is the fourth ventricle

  • Astrocytomas

    • Slow growing astrocytoma (grade I)

    • Slow growing astrocytoma (grade II)

    • Anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III)

    • Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV)

      • May form by progression from lower grades (10%)

  • Oligodendrogliomas

  • Mixed gliomas

    • Such as oligoastrocytomas

Glial cell types

• • Astrocytes

    • Chemistry

  • Oligodendrocytes

    • Myelin

  • Ependymal cells

    • CSF

  • Radial glia

    • Progenitors/Scaffold