• Growth disorder occurring in approximately 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 birth
• May be associated with the use of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization
• Like other imprinting disorders (e.g. Prader–Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome)
• Symptoms are IUGR combined with some of:
• SGA
• Feeding problems
• Hypoglycemia
• Excessive sweating
  
• Triangular shaped face with a small jaw and a pointed chin
• Mouth tends to curve down
• A blue tinge to the whites of the eyes
• Head circumference disproportionate to a small body size
• Wide and late-closing fontanelle
• Clinodactyly
• Body asymmetry
• Continued poor growth with no "catch up" into the normal centile lines on growth chart
• Precocious puberty
• Low muscle tone
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• A striking lack of subcutaneous fat
• PFO
• Constipation
  

• Duodenum expands too quickly due to the presence of hyperosmolar food from the stomach
• "Early" dumping begins concurrently or immediately succeeding a meal
• Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness and fatigue
• "Late" dumping happens 1 to 3 hours after eating
• Symptoms include weakness, sweating, and dizziness
• Many people have both types
• It is speculated that "early" dumping is associated with difficulty digesting fats while "late" dumping is associated with carbohydrates

• Primary apnoea is followed by gasping
• Infrequent, deep breaths
• Terminal apnoea follows this
• It's really hard to tell which one a baby is in!
  

• Congenital disorder similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration
• Usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue
• Fetus with CCAM is closely monitored during pregnancy and the CCAM is removed via surgery after birth
• Most babies with a CCAM are born without complication and are monitored during the first few months
• Many patients have surgery, typically before their first birthday
• It is hypothesized that there are thousands of people living with an undetected CCAM 

Pulmonary sequestration

• AKA bronchopulmonary sequestration or cystic lung lesion
• A piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply
• This sequestered tissue is not connected to the normal bronchial airway architecture
• As a result, fails to function in, and contribute to, respiration
  

• Cystic teratoma
  
• Contains developmentally mature skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands, and other tissues
  
• Almost always benign
• Usually congenital, but may not be identified until later in life