Condition |
Pre-disease |
Distribution
|
Appearance
|
Clinical features |
Dangers |
Infection control
|
Varicella
|
IP 12-14 days
No/mild prodrome
|
Centripetal
Rarely palms/soles
|
Macular-papular-vesicular
"Dew-drop on rose petal"
|
Pleiomorphic rash
Crops of lesions
Rapid evolution
Rarely toxic
|
Secondary bacterial infections
Pneumonitis/pneumonia
Pregnancy (<20/52, 1/52 pre-delivery)
|
5/7 after start of rash
|
Herpes simplex
|
|
|
|
|
Dehydration (painful to drink)
Eczema herpecticum
Genital herpes (HSV2) during birth can cause disseminated infection
|
None
|
Roseola infantum
(Exanthem subitum)
(Sixth disease)
|
|
|
Macular/maculopapular
|
Rash is preceded by 3-5 days of high fever
Rash lasts <2 days
Usually <2 years old
|
Treating fever with antibiotics and then inferring an allergy
|
None
|
Rubella
|
IP 17 days
No prodrome in infants
|
Starts face/centrally
Spreads to extremities
|
Pink macules
|
Suboccipital/postauricular lymphadenopathy
Rash lasts 3-5 days
Mild/no fever
Rash is pruritic
Arthralgia in adolescents
|
Congenital rubella syndrome if pregnant
No danger otherwise
|
5 days from start of rash
Esp. pregnant women
|
Mumps
|
|
Face
|
Bilateral parotitis
|
Bilateral parotitis |
Aseptic meningiti
Pancreatitis
Epididymo-orchitis in adolescents
|
5 days from onset of swelling
|
Measles
|
IP 8-14 days
2-6 day prodrome
Characteristic:
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Cough
|
Rash starts behind ears/face
Spreads to trunk + extremities over 3-4 days
|
Brick red maculopapular rash
Discrete spots then coalesce
Koplik's spots are bluish/grey/white on red base, found on buccal mucosa opposite 2nd molar
|
Always unwell
Irritable
Fever (esp. first 2 days)
May desquamate
|
Respiratory
Diarrhoea
Encephalitis
|
5 days from start of rash
|
Infectious mononucleosis
|
|
Palate
|
Petechial rash
|
Pharyngitis
Post-viral fatigue
|
Treating pharyngitis with antibiotics and then inferring an allergy |
None
|
Hand, Foot + Mouth
|
|
Clue's in the name
|
|
Peak in summer/early autumn
|
|
None
|
Erythema infectiosum
(Fifth disease)
|
IP 7 days
Mild prodrome
|
Cheeks
Trunk + limbs
|
Fiery red on cheeks
Circumoral pallor
Erythematous maculopapular rash on trunk + limbs
Lacy, reticular pattern
|
Rash develops slowly
Heat-induced rash
Pruritis + arthralgia in adolescents
|
Red cell aplasia
|
None
|