Verapamil

Indications

• hypertension

• angina pectoris

• cardiac arrhythmia

  • cluster headaches.^[1]

  • Preventive medication for migraine

Administration/Absorption

• • Given orally, 90–100% of Verapamil is absorbed

  • Due to high first-pass metabolism, bioavailability is much lower (10–35%).

Distribution

• • It is 90% bound to plasma proteins and has a volume of distribution of 3–5 L/kg⁻¹.

Mechanism

• • L-type calcium channel blocker

    • block voltage-dependent calcium channels

  • Phenylalkylamine class

  • class 4 antiarrhythmic

Excretion