Final Year LOBs

Define the term 'malignancy' and describe the aetiology and mechanisms involved in oncogenesis [1676 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the epidemiology of the common cancers in the UK [1677 - CPH. Priority 1]

Outline the classification of tumour types [1678 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe routes and mechanisms of tumour spread [1679 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the principles for staging malignant disease [1680 - BCS. Priority 1]

Explain how histological findings influence prognosis [1681 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the prognostic implications of staging and give examples [1682 - BCS. Priority 1]

Explain to a patient the nature and purpose of a biopsy [1683 - PD. Priority 1]

Describe the local, distant and systemic effects of malignancy [1684 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the presentation and management of malignant hypercalcaemia [1685 - BCS. Priority 1*]

Describe the presentation and management of superior vena cava obstruction [1686 - BCS. Priority 1*]

Describe the presentation and management of spinal cord compression [1687 - BCS. Priority 1*]

List different modalities of treatment for malignancy [1688 - BCS. Priority 1]

Discuss the principles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy including the problems of unwanted effects and what measures may be employed to minimise their impact [1689 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the role of surgery in the management of malignant disease [1690 - BCS. Priority 1]

Discuss the psychological and social impact on the individual and family, and provision of support in hospital and the community [1691 - CPH. Priority 1]

Specify the contribution of different professionals in the care of a patient with cancer [1692 - PPD. Priority 1]

Discuss the concept of cure and remission [1693 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the patterns and provision of antenatal care available [2349 - CPH. Priority 1]

Outline the primacy of maternal choice throughout pregnancy with reference to the legal and ethical issues [2350 - PPD. Priority 1]

Describe the principles, practice and rationale of routine screening tests in antenatal care [2351 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the rationale, risks and benefits, and psychological impact of diagnostic tests such as amniocentesis and chorionic villous including ethical and legal issues [2352 - BCS. Priority 2]

Outline the common genetic and congenital abnormalities and how they may present and be diagnosed including Down's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, neural tube defects and congenital cardiac defects [2353 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the effects that drugs and certain teratogens may have on embryonic and fetal development at different stages and the principles surrounding prescribing in pregnancy [2354 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the pathophysiology, clinical sequelae and principles of management of Rhesus iso-immunisation [2355 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis and management of common obstetric disorders which may have consequences for the mother and/or fetus [2356 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the maternal and fetal implications of pregnancy in women with common and/or important pre-existing medical conditions [2357 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the concepts of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality and the common conditions that contribute to them [2358 - CPH. Priority 1]

Perform an antenatal obstetric history and examination [2359 - PD. Priority 1]

Define the three stages of normal labour with reference to the underlying anatomy and physiology [2360 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the management of normal labour, including use of the partogram, and the contribution of different health care professionals to the care of women in labour [2361 - PD. Priority 1]

Describe the analgesic options available to women in labour [2362 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe how the structures in the female pelvis relate to pregnancy, labour and obstetric intervention [2363 - BCS. Priority 1]

Describe the principles of maternal and fetal monitoring in labour including basic interpretation of cardiotocographs (CTGs) [2364 - BCS. Priority 1]

Define abnormal labour, list the indications for and management of abnormal labour including induction, augmentation and operative delivery including Ventouse, forceps and Caesarean Section, including the risks and benefits of each [2365 - PD. Priority 1]

Outline the risks and benefits associated with induction and augmentation of labour, assisted vaginal delivery (Ventouse and forceps) and Caesarean Section [2366 - PD. Priority 1]

Know the effects, mechanism of action and clinical indications of oxytocin (or synthetic analogue), prostaglandins, ergometrine and ß2-adrenoceptor agonists [2367 (Updated) - BCS. Priority 1]

Explain to a patient the evidence relating to mode of delivery of singleton breech deliveries [2368 - PD. Priority 1]

Describe the principles of management of obstetric emergencies including postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), cord prolapse & shoulder dystocia [2369 - PD. Priority 1*]

Describe the diagnosis and management of premature labour [2370 - PD. Priority 1]

Describe how drug treatment of women in premature labour can help prevent respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn [2371 - BCS. Priority 1]

Explain the origin of infant respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, the effect it has on infants' lungs and breathing, what sort of infants are most likely to have the syndrome (and why) and the principles for preventing it [2372 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the normal physiological and psychological events in the puerperium [2373 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the anatomy and physiology of lactation and the benefits and disadvantages of breast feeding [2374 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the principles of prescribing during lactation [2375 - BCS. Priority 1]

Outline the factors involved in mother-child bonding [2376 - CPH. Priority 1]

Recognise abnormalities of the puerperium and describe their causes and management [2377 - PD. Priority 1]

Describe the various approaches to health promotion. [3650 - CPH]

Define health, public health, epidemiology and disease [3651 - CPH]

To understand how epidemiological methods may be used to assess the safety of health services [3652 - CPH]

Describe the importance of communicable disease prevention in terms of surveillance, immunization, outbreak control, prophylaxis and treatment [3653 - CPH]

Outline sources of information from which population data is drawn and its importance for describing health, disease (communicable & non-communicable) and mortality [3657 - CPH]

Identify explanations for non-causal associations (including chance, bias, and confounding), and describe criteria for distinguishing between causal and non-causal associations (Bradford Hill Criteria) [3659 - CPH]

Identify some common diseases (including certain types of cancers) that can be screened for in the community [3662 - CPH]

Understand how to evaluate the performance of a screening test or a diagnostic test using measures of sensitivity (detection rate), specificity (false positive rate) and predictive value [3663 - CPH]

To understand the key features of systematic reviews; their importance, strengths and weaknesses (including potential sources of bias), and when these can be analysed using meta-analyses [3664 - CPH]

Outline the public health approach to needs assessment [3665 - CPH]

Understand how changes in disease prevalence affect the performance of a screening test [3666 - CPH]

Compare medicine practiced on individuals in a clinical setting to that practiced at population level; [3667 - CPH]

Define measures of health and disease (such as incidence, types of prevalence, risk, rate and odds) and when these are used in epidemiological studies [3670 - CPH]

Use a structured outline to critically appraise a paper; [3671 - CPH]

Outline the different types of statistical tests that are used for comparisons of mean or proportions between two groups of individuals [3672 - CPH]

Interpret time trends and variations in health and disease by demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, and ethnicity [3673 - CPH]

Define the difference between paired (correlated) data and unpaired (independent) data [3675 - CPH]

Define the terms relative risk, odds ratio, excess risk, population attributable risk, population attributable risk fraction and be able to explain these terms to a lay person [3676 - CPH]

Understand levels of prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and appreciate the different agencies which can be involved in prevention [3677 - CPH]

Contrast “high-risk” and “population-wide” approaches to disease prevention (The Rose Paradox) [3679 - CPH]

Understand different types of epidemiological study design (including ecological, cross sectional, case control, longitudinal and experimental studies), their strengths and weaknesses, and their use in medical care [3682 - CPH]

Define the main design features of experimental studies (including clinical trials) [3683 - CPH]

Understand the use of age standardization [3684 - CPH]

Understand the importance of accurately measuring exposure data [3685 - CPH]

Define what is meant by a confounder, and explain the effects of adjusting for putative confounding factors on measures of association between exposure and outcome [3686 - CPH]

Describe different types of data, for example continuous, categorical, nominal ordinal [3687 - CPH]

Construct a 2 x 2 table of exposure by outcome and calculate the appropriate measure of effect such as relative risk or odds ratio [3688 - CPH]

Give examples of different types of bias, in different epidemiological study designs and measures that may be taken to minimise the bias [3689 - CPH]

Understand the meaning of a confidence interval for any health outcome measure and express its meaning in lay terms [3690 - CPH]

Describe the criteria needed for implementation of an effective screening programme for a disease, in terms of the natural history, prevalence, diagnostic tests and available treatments for a given condition [3691 - CPH]

Interpret p-values from tests of statistical significance and understand the link with confidence intervals [3692 - CPH]

Outline the principles of healthcare evaluation and be able to differentiate from research and audit [3694 - CPH]

Define methods used to summarize data for example means, medians, standard deviation, variance, reference ranges [3695 - CPH]

Describe how basic economic principles of supply, demand and competition may be applied to health care [3697 - CPH]

Understand what influences public health policies and the planning of health services within the NHS, including priorities for care, government policy and financial constraints [3699 - CPH]

To apply the principles of epidemiology to investigation of suspected outbreaks of communicable or non-communicable disease. [3705 - CPH]

To develop a basic understanding of the principles underlying health policy and planning of health services, including ethical aspects as they apply to a population-wide perspective. [3706 - CPH]