13.01.24 Pathology teaching - Blood etc

Thrombus vs clot

    • Thrombus

      • Within a vessel

      • Contains platelets

    • Clot

      • Outside the circulation

      • No platelets

Virchow

    • Endothelial injury

      • Atheroma

      • Vasculitis

      • Trauma

    • Abnormal flow

      • Turbulence

      • Stasis

    • Hypercoagulability

      • Polycythaemia

      • Coagulopathy

        • Congenital

        • Acquired (pregnancy, cancer)

Atheroma outcomes

    • Occlusion/stenosis

    • Rupture

      • Occlusion

      • Embolus

    • Aneurysm

      • Rupture

      • Thromboembolus

Perforated viscus

    • Peptic ulcer

    • Appendix

    • Sigmoid colon

      • Diverticular disease

      • Tumour

Diverticular disease

    • Presents very similarly to CRC!

      • Bleeding

      • Obstruction

      • Change in bowel habits

      • Infection / abscess

      • Strictures

Complications of MI

    • Arrhythmias / Aneurysm

    • Bradycardia / ↓BP

    • Cardiac failure / cardiac tamponade

    • Dresslers / Death

    • Embolism / Extra (VSD, pap muscle rupture)

Notes

    • Plasminogen => Plasmin => Clot breakdown

    • Primary cause of clots

      • Atheroma in arteries, Clots in veins

    • Ischaemia is DYSFUNCTION due to reduced blood flow

    • Hartman's is an EMERGENCY procedure

      • Peritonism/rupture

      • No primary anastamosis

    • Ventricular aneurysms DON'T rupture

      • Cause thrombus instead

    • Danger time post-MI is 2-3 days

      • Myocytes are broken down but scar has not yet formed

      • => VSD, aneurysm

    • MI => Acute inflammation => Neutrophils